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>> HELLO, AND WELCOME

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TO ANOTHER VIRTUAL EPISODE

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OF "NASA SCIENCE LIVE."

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I'M AMBER STRAUGHN,

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AN ASTROPHYSICIST AT NASA.

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ON TODAY'S EPISODE,

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WE'RE GONNA BE

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MAKING HISTORY WITH

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A VERY SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

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ABOUT AN UPCOMING MISSION

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AT NASA, SO DON'T GO ANYWHERE.

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TODAY WE'RE GONNA TALK ABOUT

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ONE OF MY FAVORITE TOPICS,

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UNSOLVED MYSTERIES

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OF OUR UNIVERSE.

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IN THE MID 2020s,

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NASA WILL LAUNCH WFIRST,

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A SPACE TELESCOPE THAT WILL

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ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING

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OF DARK ENERGY, AN ENIGMA

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THAT HAS PUZZLED ASTRONOMERS

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LIKE MYSELF FOR DECADES.

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DARK ENERGY IS A FORM OF ENERGY

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THAT MAKES UP ABOUT 2/3

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OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE,

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AND YET WE DON'T KNOW

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MUCH ABOUT IT AT ALL.

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THE WFIRST MISSION WILL

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ALSO SEARCH FOR PLANETS

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BEYOND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM,

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KNOWN AS EXOPLANETS,

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AND WILL MEASURE LIGHT

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FROM A BILLION GALAXIES

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OVER THE COURSE

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OF THE MISSION LIFETIME.

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SOUNDS INCREDIBLE, RIGHT?

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IT WILL BE.

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LET'S TAKE A DEEPER DIVE

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INTO THE WFIRST MISSION

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TO LEARN A LITTLE MORE.

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>> THE UNIVERSE.

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FOR ALL WE HAVE

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LEARNED ABOUT IT,

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WE HAVE ONLY JUST BEGUN

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TO REVEAL ITS SECRETS.

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WHAT ARE DARK MATTER

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AND DARK ENERGY?

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HOW COMMON ARE PLANETARY

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ARRANGEMENTS LIKE OUR OWN?

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AND HOW MANY PLANETS

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IN OUR GALAXY HAVE POTENTIAL

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TO HARBOR LIFE?

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WFIRST, THE WIDE-FIELD

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INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE,

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WILL HELP ANSWER THESE

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FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS.

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WFIRST IS SIMILAR TO HUBBLE,

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BUT WITH THE BENEFIT

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OF 30 YEARS

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OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT.

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EACH IMAGE FROM ITS

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WIDE-FIELD INSTRUMENT

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WILL HAVE THE DEPTH AND CLARITY

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OF HUBBLE'S BEST,

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BUT CAPTURE A SKY AREA

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100 TIMES LARGER.

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WFIRST WILL TAKE THE LEAD

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IN EXPLORING DARK ENERGY

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AND DARK MATTER.

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WE ONLY KNOW THEY EXIST

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BY THEIR EFFECTS

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ON OBSERVABLE MATTER,

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YET THESE TWO

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MYSTERIOUS COMPONENTS

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MAKE UP 95% OF THE UNIVERSE.

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WFIRST'S POWERFUL

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2.4-METER MIRROR

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AND ENORMOUS FIELD OF VIEW

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WILL ALSO HELP US

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IN THE SEARCH FOR PLANETS

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BEYOND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM,

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OR EXOPLANETS.

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IT WILL WATCH

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FOR GRAVITATIONAL

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MICROLENSING EVENTS,

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CAUSED WHEN A PLANET

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AND ITS HOST STAR PASS

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IN FRONT OF A BACKGROUND STAR.

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SUCH EVENTS ARE RARE,

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SO CATCHING THEM

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REQUIRES WATCHING

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LARGE SWATHS OF THE SKY.

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TO DEEPEN ITS STUDY

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OF EXOPLANETS,

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WFIRST WILL HOUSE

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A BEYOND-STATE-OF-THE-ART

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CORONAGRAPH THAT WILL

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DIRECTLY IMAGE AND ANALYZE

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NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANETS IN ORBITS

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SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN EARTH'S,

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A DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT

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OVER CURRENT CAPABILITIES.

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WFIRST WILL HELP US ANSWER

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MANY OF THE BIGGEST

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COSMIC QUESTIONS.

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ITS WIDE-FIELD VIEW

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AND CORONAGRAPH WILL

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COMPLEMENT MISSIONS

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LIKE NASA'S JAMES WEBB

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SPACE TELESCOPE

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AND TRANSITING EXOPLANET

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SURVEY SATELLITE, TESS.

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WFIRST WILL BE

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AN INDISPENSABLE PART

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OF SPACE SCIENCE DURING

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THE NEXT DECADE AND BEYOND.

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>> WHAT AN INCREDIBLE MISSION

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IS THIS GONNA BE.

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I'M SO EXCITED

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TO BE HERE TALKING

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ABOUT THIS SCIENCE TODAY.

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AND JOINING ME NOW IS

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THE ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR

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FOR SCIENCE AT NASA,

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THOMAS ZURBUCHEN.

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HOW ARE YOU DOING, THOMAS?

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>> I'M DOING GREAT, AMBER.

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HOW ARE YOU?

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>> DOING GOOD, DOING GOOD.

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I UNDERSTAND YOU HAVE

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A BIG ANNOUNCEMENT

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TO SHARE WITH US TODAY.

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DO YOU WANT TO GO AHEAD

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AND TELL US WHAT THAT IS?

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>> ABSOLUTELY.

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I'M SO EXCITED THAT WE'RE

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RENAMING THE WFIRST MISSION.

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UH, WE KNEW ALL ALONG

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THAT WE WANTED TO NAME IT,

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UH, YOU KNOW, IN A WAY

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WE HAVE BEFORE,

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AFTER A PERSON WHO'S

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REALLY IMPORTANT FOR ASTRONOMY,

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VERY INFLUENTIAL FOR NASA.

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AND I THINK WE FOUND

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JUST THE RIGHT PERSON AGAIN.

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AND, UH, FRANKLY, THE PERSON

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WE WANT TO RENAME THIS AFTER

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IS A PERSON WHO HAD

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HUGE INFLUENCE IN ALL

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OF ASTRONOMY AND SPACE.

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IT'S A PERSON

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WHO IMAGINED THE INFLUENCE

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OF SPACE ASTRONOMY

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BEFORE OTHERS EVEN THOUGHT THAT

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THAT'S POSSIBLE.

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IT'S A PERSON WHO IMAGINED

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THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

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BEFORE IT HAD A NAME,

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BEFORE IT WAS EVEN A CONCEPT,

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AND WAS THERE ALL ALONG, UH,

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FROM THE IDEA TO MAKING

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THAT TELESCOPE A REALITY.

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WHEN FACED WITH CHALLENGES,

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THIS PERSON PERSEVERED,

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PUSHED BEYOND

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THROUGH THESE CHALLENGES,

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AND, UH, BECAME

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A LEADER OF THE ENTIRE

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ASTROPHYSICS COMMUNITY

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IN A TIME WHEN WOMEN

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WERE ACTIVELY DISCOURAGED

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FROM CAREERS OF SCIENCE

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AND ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICS

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AND SO FORTH.

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SHE BECAME AN ASTRONOMER.

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AND SHE BECAME

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THE HIGHEST RANKING WOMAN

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IN NASA DURING A TIME

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WHERE THERE WERE VERY FEW

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THAT MADE IT UP THE LADDER.

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SHE CONTINUED TO BE

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AN ADVOCATE FOR HUBBLE

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EVEN AFTER HER RETIREMENT.

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AND THAT'S WHY, TODAY,

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I'M SO EXCITED THAT WE CAN

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RENAME THIS TELESCOPE,

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FOR IT TO BECOME

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THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

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SPACE TELESCOPE.

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>> IT'S HARD TO DECIDE

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HOW HISTORY WILL VIEW

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MY ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

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PEOPLE GENERALLY

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AREN'T TERRIBLY INTERESTED

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IN WHAT GETS THINGS STARTED,

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AND SO I'M NOT SURE

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THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE MUCH

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OF AN IDEA OF MY ROLE.

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>> NANCY GRACE ROMAN SERVED

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AS THE FIRST CHIEF OF ASTRONOMY

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IN NASA'S OFFICE

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OF SPACE SCIENCE,

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THE FIRST WOMAN TO HOLD

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AN EXECUTIVE POSITION

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WITHIN THE AGENCY.

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SHE WAS INSTRUMENTAL

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IN THE EARLY PLANNING

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OF NASA'S FIRST

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GREAT SPACE OBSERVATORY,

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THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE,

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EARNING HER THE NICKNAME,

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"THE MOTHER OF HUBBLE."

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TO HONOR HER,

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NASA HAS GIVEN HER NAME

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TO ONE OF ITS MOST POWERFUL

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UPCOMING SPACE OBSERVATORIES.

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WFIRST, THE WIDE-FIELD

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INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE

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IS NOW THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

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SPACE TELESCOPE.

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NANCY GRACE WAS BORN IN 1925

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AND DEVELOPED AN INTEREST

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IN ASTRONOMY AT AN EARLY AGE.

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>> I JUST WAS FASCINATED.

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BETWEEN FIFTH AND SIXTH GRADE

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I ORGANIZED MY FRIENDS

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INTO AN ASTRONOMY CLUB

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TO STUDY THE CONSTELLATIONS.

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I CERTAINLY DID NOT

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RECEIVE ANY ENCOURAGEMENT.

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I WAS TOLD FROM THE BEGINNING

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THAT WOMEN COULD NOT

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BE SCIENTISTS.

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>> NANCY GRACE PERSEVERED

236
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AND GRADUATED FROM

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THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

238
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IN 1949 WITH A DOCTORATE

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IN ASTRONOMY,

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DESPITE CONTINUING

241
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TO ENCOUNTER DISCRIMINATION.

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>> MY THESIS PROFESSOR--

243
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THERE WAS A PERIOD IN WHICH

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HE WENT FOR SIX MONTHS

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WITHOUT SPEAKING TO ME,

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EVEN WHEN I SAID HELLO

247
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TO HIM IN THE HALL.

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HE-HE DIDN'T WANT TO HAVE

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ANYTHING TO DO WITH ME.

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>> AFTER SEVERAL YEARS

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OF RESEARCH,

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NASA CAME CALLING.

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>> I STARTED IN NASA IN 1959.

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IT WAS SIX MONTHS OLD.

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BEING THE FIRST

256
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EXECUTIVE WOMAN AT NASA

257
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TURNED OUT NOT TO BE

258
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TERRIBLY, UH, EVENTFUL.

259
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UH, I WAS ACCEPTED VERY READILY

260
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AS A SCIENTIST IN MY JOB.

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>> DURING HER 21 YEARS AT NASA,

262
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DR. ROMAN WAS INVOLVED

263
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IN THE DEVELOPMENT

264
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AND LAUNCH OF MANY SPACE-BASED

265
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OBSERVATORIES WHICH STUDIED

266
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THE SUN, DEEP SPACE,

267
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AND THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.

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HER MOST ENDURING LEGACY AT NASA

269
00:07:32,351 --> 00:07:33,553
WAS THE PLANNING OF HUBBLE

270
00:07:33,553 --> 00:07:35,488
AND ITS SCIENCE PROGRAM.

271
00:07:35,488 --> 00:07:36,088
SHE DID MUCH

272
00:07:36,088 --> 00:07:37,323
OF THE EARLY ADVOCACY

273
00:07:37,323 --> 00:07:38,090
AND ESTABLISHED

274
00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:39,258
THE PROGRAM STRUCTURE

275
00:07:39,258 --> 00:07:40,293
WHICH LAID THE FOUNDATION

276
00:07:40,293 --> 00:07:41,994
FOR OTHER LARGE NASA MISSIONS

277
00:07:41,994 --> 00:07:43,095
THAT FOLLOWED

278
00:07:43,095 --> 00:07:43,796
AND HELPED CONVINCE

279
00:07:43,796 --> 00:07:45,198
THE ASTRONOMICAL COMMUNITY

280
00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:47,733
TO SUPPORT ASTRONOMY FROM SPACE.

281
00:07:47,733 --> 00:07:49,368
AFTER RETIRING FROM NASA,

282
00:07:49,368 --> 00:07:50,770
DR. ROMAN STAYED INVOLVED

283
00:07:50,770 --> 00:07:52,238
IN THE SPACE COMMUNITY

284
00:07:52,238 --> 00:07:53,539
AND RECEIVED NUMEROUS AWARDS

285
00:07:53,539 --> 00:07:56,142
FOR HER PIONEERING WORK.

286
00:07:56,142 --> 00:07:57,143
OVER HER CAREER,

287
00:07:57,143 --> 00:07:58,544
SHE INSPIRED GENERATIONS

288
00:07:58,544 --> 00:08:00,913
OF YOUNG ASTRONOMERS.

289
00:08:00,913 --> 00:08:02,882
NOW WITH THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

290
00:08:02,882 --> 00:08:04,317
SPACE TELESCOPE,

291
00:08:04,317 --> 00:08:06,052
HER LEGACY CAN CONTINUE

292
00:08:06,052 --> 00:08:08,921
TO INSPIRE GENERATIONS MORE.

293
00:08:12,625 --> 00:08:14,026
>> DR. ROMAN REALLY DESERVES

294
00:08:14,026 --> 00:08:15,895
TO BE PERMANENTLY ASSOCIATED

295
00:08:15,895 --> 00:08:18,030
WITH THIS AMAZING MISSION

296
00:08:18,030 --> 00:08:19,799
THAT SHE REALLY HELPED ENABLE

297
00:08:19,799 --> 00:08:22,001
IN A DIRECT FASHION.

298
00:08:22,001 --> 00:08:23,369
AND I'M SO DELIGHTED

299
00:08:23,369 --> 00:08:24,470
TO HAVE THAT NAME THERE

300
00:08:24,470 --> 00:08:26,372
AS A LASTING LEGACY

301
00:08:26,372 --> 00:08:28,407
TO THIS AMAZING PERSON THAT

302
00:08:28,407 --> 00:08:30,843
I HAVE LEARNED SO MUCH ABOUT.

303
00:08:30,843 --> 00:08:31,677
AND, UH, ESPECIALLY

304
00:08:31,677 --> 00:08:33,212
WHAT THAT MEANS TO ME

305
00:08:33,212 --> 00:08:34,413
IS THAT REALLY

306
00:08:34,413 --> 00:08:35,748
NANCY GRACE ROMAN

307
00:08:35,748 --> 00:08:37,116
DESERVES A PLACE

308
00:08:37,116 --> 00:08:39,118
IN THE HEAVENS SHE STUDIED

309
00:08:39,118 --> 00:08:40,887
AND OPENED FOR SO MANY.

310
00:08:40,887 --> 00:08:42,455
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT IT, AMBER?

311
00:08:42,455 --> 00:08:43,256
>> YEAH I MEAN IT'S--

312
00:08:43,256 --> 00:08:44,223
IT'S JUST INCREDIBLE,

313
00:08:44,223 --> 00:08:45,992
AND SHE'S SO DESERVING, UH,

314
00:08:45,992 --> 00:08:46,859
TO HAVE THIS TELESCOPE

315
00:08:46,859 --> 00:08:47,693
NAMED AFTER HER.

316
00:08:47,693 --> 00:08:48,561
YOU KNOW, I WAS IN

317
00:08:48,561 --> 00:08:49,228
THE FIFTH GRADE

318
00:08:49,228 --> 00:08:50,162
WHEN HUBBLE LAUNCHED.

319
00:08:50,162 --> 00:08:51,497
AND I REMEMBER THAT--

320
00:08:51,497 --> 00:08:52,131
BEING A KID

321
00:08:52,131 --> 00:08:53,199
AND SEEING THE HUBBLE

322
00:08:53,199 --> 00:08:54,233
SPACE TELESCOPE LAUNCH,

323
00:08:54,233 --> 00:08:55,268
AND IT WAS ONE OF THOSE THINGS

324
00:08:55,268 --> 00:08:57,236
THAT REALLY SOLIDIFIED IN ME

325
00:08:57,236 --> 00:08:59,372
MY DESIRE TO BE AN ASTRONOMER.

326
00:08:59,372 --> 00:09:00,907
SO, UM, WILL YOU TELL US

327
00:09:00,907 --> 00:09:01,607
A LITTLE BIT, THOMAS,

328
00:09:01,607 --> 00:09:03,376
ABOUT HOW THIS, UH, DECISION

329
00:09:03,376 --> 00:09:04,810
WAS MADE FOR THIS TELESCOPE

330
00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:08,114
TO BE NAMED AFTER DR. ROMAN?

331
00:09:08,114 --> 00:09:09,015
>> SO YOU SHOULD KNOW, YOU KNOW,

332
00:09:09,015 --> 00:09:10,316
IF YOU'RE IN A JOB LIKE MINE,

333
00:09:10,316 --> 00:09:11,150
THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE

334
00:09:11,150 --> 00:09:12,318
WITH A LOT OF IDEAS

335
00:09:12,318 --> 00:09:14,220
THAT COME TO YOU, UH,

336
00:09:14,220 --> 00:09:15,521
AND THAT DOES NOT SURPRISE YOU.

337
00:09:15,521 --> 00:09:16,555
AND-AND ONE OF THE THINGS

338
00:09:16,555 --> 00:09:18,858
I NOTICED REALLY QUICKLY

339
00:09:18,858 --> 00:09:19,458
IS THAT WHENEVER

340
00:09:19,458 --> 00:09:21,527
WE TALKED ABOUT WFIRST,

341
00:09:21,527 --> 00:09:22,695
THERE WAS ONE NAME

342
00:09:22,695 --> 00:09:24,530
THAT ALWAYS POPPED UP,

343
00:09:24,530 --> 00:09:27,099
AND IT IS NANCY GRACE ROMAN.

344
00:09:27,099 --> 00:09:27,767
OF COURSE, I STARTED

345
00:09:27,767 --> 00:09:29,602
TO LEARN ABOUT THIS

346
00:09:29,602 --> 00:09:31,470
AND, UH, ACTUALLY DID WORK.

347
00:09:31,470 --> 00:09:33,806
I ACTUALLY, YOU KNOW, UH, UH,

348
00:09:33,806 --> 00:09:35,675
LEARNED ABOUT HER PASSING AWAY,

349
00:09:35,675 --> 00:09:37,376
LEARNED ABOUT THE GREAT ARTICLES

350
00:09:37,376 --> 00:09:39,345
THAT WERE WRITTEN BY SO MANY.

351
00:09:39,345 --> 00:09:40,746
AND I LEARNED ABOUT HER LEGACY,

352
00:09:40,746 --> 00:09:42,415
INCLUDING THE FIRST

353
00:09:42,415 --> 00:09:43,983
SPACE TELESCOPE SERIES,

354
00:09:43,983 --> 00:09:44,684
THE ORBITAL

355
00:09:44,684 --> 00:09:46,118
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES

356
00:09:46,118 --> 00:09:47,286
AND OR-ORBITAL

357
00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:48,788
SOLAR OBSERVATORIES

358
00:09:48,788 --> 00:09:50,823
IN THE '60s AND '70s.

359
00:09:50,823 --> 00:09:51,857
AND THEN OF THE MORE YOU--

360
00:09:51,857 --> 00:09:54,026
I HEARD AND LEARNED ABOUT THIS,

361
00:09:54,026 --> 00:09:54,927
THE MORE EXCITED

362
00:09:54,927 --> 00:09:56,896
I GOT ABOUT, UH,

363
00:09:56,896 --> 00:09:58,297
NAMING IT, UH, TO THAT.

364
00:09:58,297 --> 00:09:59,231
AND ULTIMATELY, OF COURSE,

365
00:09:59,231 --> 00:10:01,600
THIS IS A DECISION OF, UH--

366
00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:02,401
THE ADMINISTRATOR

367
00:10:02,401 --> 00:10:04,136
WAS JUST AS ENTHUSIASTIC

368
00:10:04,136 --> 00:10:05,571
ONCE WE TALKED ABOUT, UH,

369
00:10:05,571 --> 00:10:08,407
THE OPTIONS HERE.

370
00:10:08,407 --> 00:10:09,108
>> YEAH, IT'S--

371
00:10:09,108 --> 00:10:10,443
IT'S JUST SO EXCITING.

372
00:10:10,443 --> 00:10:12,244
UM, I THINK-- AGAIN, I THINK

373
00:10:12,244 --> 00:10:14,013
SHE'S JUST A PERFECT NAMESAKE

374
00:10:14,013 --> 00:10:15,281
FOR THIS TELESCOPE.

375
00:10:15,281 --> 00:10:15,848
UH, CAN YOU TALK

376
00:10:15,848 --> 00:10:16,482
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

377
00:10:16,482 --> 00:10:17,850
SOME OF HER ACCOMPLISHMENTS

378
00:10:17,850 --> 00:10:19,051
THAT, UH, SORT OF LED

379
00:10:19,051 --> 00:10:21,220
TO THIS DECISION?

380
00:10:21,220 --> 00:10:21,687
>> YOU KNOW,

381
00:10:21,687 --> 00:10:22,521
ONE OF THE COOLEST THINGS

382
00:10:22,521 --> 00:10:23,489
ABOUT HER IS THAT

383
00:10:23,489 --> 00:10:25,191
SHE JOINED THE AGENCY,

384
00:10:25,191 --> 00:10:26,158
LIKE, WHEN THE AGENCY

385
00:10:26,158 --> 00:10:27,927
WAS SIX MONTHS OLD, RIGHT?

386
00:10:27,927 --> 00:10:28,794
SO AS REALLY ONE

387
00:10:28,794 --> 00:10:30,496
OF THE PIONEERS, UH,

388
00:10:30,496 --> 00:10:31,964
FROM THE BEGINNING THERE--

389
00:10:31,964 --> 00:10:34,600
AND-AND REALLY, SHE ESTABLISHED

390
00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:36,068
THE MOST IMPORTANT KIND

391
00:10:36,068 --> 00:10:38,004
OF POLICIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

392
00:10:38,004 --> 00:10:39,872
THAT HAVE GOTTEN US

393
00:10:39,872 --> 00:10:41,307
TO WHERE WE ARE IN,

394
00:10:41,307 --> 00:10:42,942
UH, SPACE ASTRONOMY.

395
00:10:42,942 --> 00:10:43,542
AND SO FOR ME,

396
00:10:43,542 --> 00:10:44,810
IT'S JUST FOR THAT REASON,

397
00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:46,679
THAT VISION, THAT FORESIGHT.

398
00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:47,480
YOU KNOW, OF COURSE,

399
00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:48,247
THERE'S SOME OF THE OTHERS

400
00:10:48,247 --> 00:10:49,115
ON THE OUTSIDE,

401
00:10:49,115 --> 00:10:50,449
BUT WITH THAT LEADERSHIP

402
00:10:50,449 --> 00:10:52,551
ON THE INSIDE OF THE AGENCY,

403
00:10:52,551 --> 00:10:54,353
UH, THAT REALLY MAKES HER,

404
00:10:54,353 --> 00:10:55,688
I THINK, THE ONLY NAME

405
00:10:55,688 --> 00:10:56,655
THAT IS APPROPRIATE

406
00:10:56,655 --> 00:10:58,557
FOR THIS LARGE SPACE TELESCOPE

407
00:10:58,557 --> 00:11:00,026
THAT WE'RE BUILDING NOW,

408
00:11:00,026 --> 00:11:01,193
UH, THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

409
00:11:01,193 --> 00:11:02,595
SPACE TELESCOPE.

410
00:11:02,595 --> 00:11:03,229
BUT HOW DO YOU THINK

411
00:11:03,229 --> 00:11:04,597
ABOUT IT, AMBER?

412
00:11:04,597 --> 00:11:05,464
>> YEAH, I MEAN IT'S--

413
00:11:05,464 --> 00:11:06,766
SEEING WOMEN LIKE THIS

414
00:11:06,766 --> 00:11:07,833
WHO ARE TRAILBLAZERS

415
00:11:07,833 --> 00:11:09,402
IN ASTRONOMY BE HONORED

416
00:11:09,402 --> 00:11:10,870
IN THIS WAY IS-- IT'S JUST--

417
00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:12,104
IT'S REALLY ENCOURAGING.

418
00:11:12,104 --> 00:11:13,672
AND, UM, YOU KNOW, PERSONALLY

419
00:11:13,672 --> 00:11:14,807
I'VE LOOKED UP TO WOMEN

420
00:11:14,807 --> 00:11:16,042
LIKE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

421
00:11:16,042 --> 00:11:17,676
AND SOME OF THE OTHER PIONEERS

422
00:11:17,676 --> 00:11:19,412
IN ASTRONOMY OVER THE YEARS.

423
00:11:19,412 --> 00:11:20,713
AND SO IT-- IT REALLY--

424
00:11:20,713 --> 00:11:21,547
IT MAKES ME FEEL GREAT

425
00:11:21,547 --> 00:11:22,548
TO KNOW THAT THIS AWESOME

426
00:11:22,548 --> 00:11:24,083
SPACE TELESCOPE HAS BEEN,

427
00:11:24,083 --> 00:11:26,252
UH, NAMED AFTER HER.

428
00:11:26,252 --> 00:11:27,353
SO THANK YOU SO MUCH

429
00:11:27,353 --> 00:11:28,287
FOR JOINING US, THOMAS,

430
00:11:28,287 --> 00:11:28,888
TO MAKE THIS

431
00:11:28,888 --> 00:11:31,424
EXCITING ANNOUNCEMENT.

432
00:11:31,424 --> 00:11:33,259
>> THANKS TO YOU.

433
00:11:33,259 --> 00:11:34,827
>> WHAT AN INCREDIBLE WOMAN.

434
00:11:34,827 --> 00:11:35,861
RAISED IN A TIME WHEN

435
00:11:35,861 --> 00:11:36,996
WOMEN WERE DISCOURAGED

436
00:11:36,996 --> 00:11:38,764
FROM PURSUING SCIENCE,

437
00:11:38,764 --> 00:11:39,932
SHE NOT ONLY SUCCEEDED

438
00:11:39,932 --> 00:11:41,067
IN ESTABLISHING HERSELF

439
00:11:41,067 --> 00:11:42,435
AS A SCIENTIFIC LEADER,

440
00:11:42,435 --> 00:11:43,803
BUT SHE'S LEFT A LEGACY

441
00:11:43,803 --> 00:11:44,570
FOR THE ASTRONOMERS

442
00:11:44,570 --> 00:11:46,906
OF TODAY AND TOMORROW.

443
00:11:46,906 --> 00:11:47,540
I'M JOINED NOW

444
00:11:47,540 --> 00:11:49,108
BY TWO MORE EXPERTS,

445
00:11:49,108 --> 00:11:50,943
JULIE McENERNY, NASA ROMAN

446
00:11:50,943 --> 00:11:52,745
DEPUTY PROJECT SCIENTIST,

447
00:11:52,745 --> 00:11:53,946
AND ELISA QUINTANA,

448
00:11:53,946 --> 00:11:56,115
NASA ROMAN DEPUTY SCIENTIST

449
00:11:56,115 --> 00:11:58,451
FOR COMMUNICATIONS.

450
00:11:58,451 --> 00:11:59,485
ELISA AND JULIE,

451
00:11:59,485 --> 00:12:00,619
AS MEMBERS OF THE TEAM,

452
00:12:00,619 --> 00:12:01,854
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU

453
00:12:01,854 --> 00:12:02,521
THAT THIS MISSIONS

454
00:12:02,521 --> 00:12:03,322
IS BEING NAMED

455
00:12:03,322 --> 00:12:06,959
AFTER NANCY GRACE ROMAN?

456
00:12:06,959 --> 00:12:07,426
>> I FOUND IT

457
00:12:07,426 --> 00:12:08,594
TREMENDOUSLY EXCITING,

458
00:12:08,594 --> 00:12:09,728
UH, THAT THE OBSERVATORY

459
00:12:09,728 --> 00:12:11,730
IS BEING-- ER, BEING RENAMED,

460
00:12:11,730 --> 00:12:13,099
UH, FOR TWO REASONS.

461
00:12:13,099 --> 00:12:14,100
UM, FIRSTLY I THINK

462
00:12:14,100 --> 00:12:15,334
IT'S A MARK OF HOW FAR

463
00:12:15,334 --> 00:12:16,802
THE MISSION HAS COME,

464
00:12:16,802 --> 00:12:19,138
UM, THAT WE ARE BEING RENAMED.

465
00:12:19,138 --> 00:12:20,206
UM, IT SAYS SOMETHING

466
00:12:20,206 --> 00:12:21,841
ABOUT HOW FAR, UH,

467
00:12:21,841 --> 00:12:23,375
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MISSION--

468
00:12:23,375 --> 00:12:25,010
THAT WE'RE A REAL THING,

469
00:12:25,010 --> 00:12:26,745
UM, THAT, UH-- THAT STUFF IS

470
00:12:26,745 --> 00:12:28,380
ACTUALLY REALLY BEING BUILT.

471
00:12:28,380 --> 00:12:29,682
BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY THAN THAT

472
00:12:29,682 --> 00:12:31,050
AND FROM A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE,

473
00:12:31,050 --> 00:12:32,485
I'M REALLY EXCITED THAT

474
00:12:32,485 --> 00:12:33,719
THE MISSION IS BEING RENAMED

475
00:12:33,719 --> 00:12:36,088
AFTER NANCY GRACE ROMAN.

476
00:12:36,088 --> 00:12:37,089
UH, SHE'S SOMEBODY I REALLY,

477
00:12:37,089 --> 00:12:39,325
UM-- I'VE REALLY ADMIRED.

478
00:12:39,325 --> 00:12:40,426
UM, AND I-- IT MAKES ME

479
00:12:40,426 --> 00:12:42,094
EXCITED AND PROUD, UH,

480
00:12:42,094 --> 00:12:44,230
TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH, UM--

481
00:12:44,230 --> 00:12:45,030
UH, WITH A MISSION

482
00:12:45,030 --> 00:12:46,198
THAT'S NAMED AFTER HER,

483
00:12:46,198 --> 00:12:47,566
AND THAT THIS IS SOMETHING THAT,

484
00:12:47,566 --> 00:12:50,836
UM, I'M GOING TO, UH, ENJOY

485
00:12:50,836 --> 00:12:51,904
DAY AFTER DAY AFTER DAY

486
00:12:51,904 --> 00:12:53,639
AS THE MISSION CONTINUES.

487
00:12:56,375 --> 00:12:56,909
>> GREAT.

488
00:12:56,909 --> 00:12:59,945
ELISA, WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS?

489
00:12:59,945 --> 00:13:00,479
>> WELL, I HAVE

490
00:13:00,479 --> 00:13:01,280
SO MUCH ADMIRATION

491
00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:02,815
FOR NANCY GRACE ROMAN.

492
00:13:02,815 --> 00:13:04,316
UM, SHE BELIEVED THAT

493
00:13:04,316 --> 00:13:06,051
SHE COULD BE AN ASTRONOMER,

494
00:13:06,051 --> 00:13:06,785
UH, DURING A TIME

495
00:13:06,785 --> 00:13:07,753
WHEN THERE WERE

496
00:13:07,753 --> 00:13:09,288
SO MANY BARRIERS TO WOMEN,

497
00:13:09,288 --> 00:13:11,824
UH, PURSUING CAREERS IN SCIENCE.

498
00:13:11,824 --> 00:13:12,658
UH, SHE THEN WENT ON

499
00:13:12,658 --> 00:13:13,492
TO BECOME A LEADER

500
00:13:13,492 --> 00:13:15,761
AND A VISIONARY AT NASA,

501
00:13:15,761 --> 00:13:16,462
UM, REALLY WORKING

502
00:13:16,462 --> 00:13:17,696
TO FACILITATE, YOU KNOW,

503
00:13:17,696 --> 00:13:18,597
THE DEVELOPMENT

504
00:13:18,597 --> 00:13:20,299
OF ASTRONOMY MISSIONS.

505
00:13:20,299 --> 00:13:22,134
UM, WHAT SHE REALLY BELIEVED IN

506
00:13:22,134 --> 00:13:23,369
WAS INVESTING IN MISSIONS

507
00:13:23,369 --> 00:13:24,336
THAT WOULD BE USEFUL FOR,

508
00:13:24,336 --> 00:13:26,172
YOU KNOW, FUTURE GENERATIONS.

509
00:13:26,172 --> 00:13:27,773
AND SO I'M REALLY HONORED

510
00:13:27,773 --> 00:13:29,074
TO BE PART OF THE ROMAN

511
00:13:29,074 --> 00:13:31,410
SPACE TELESCOPE, UM, MISSION.

512
00:13:31,410 --> 00:13:32,678
AND Y-- I'M REALLY PLEASED,

513
00:13:32,678 --> 00:13:33,946
UM, THAT THIS MISSION

514
00:13:33,946 --> 00:13:36,148
IS BEING NAMED AFTER HER.

515
00:13:36,148 --> 00:13:37,049
>> I HAVE A FEW MORE QUESTIONS

516
00:13:37,049 --> 00:13:39,218
FOR YOU, JULIE AND ELISA.

517
00:13:39,218 --> 00:13:40,886
FIRST, WHY IS IT APPROPRIATE

518
00:13:40,886 --> 00:13:42,421
TO NAME WFIRST AFTER

519
00:13:42,421 --> 00:13:45,624
NANCY GRACE ROMAN?

520
00:13:45,624 --> 00:13:46,325
>> NANCY GRACE ROMAN

521
00:13:46,325 --> 00:13:48,561
WAS THE, UM, DRIVING FORCE

522
00:13:48,561 --> 00:13:50,763
BEHIND, UH-- BEHIND HUBBLE.

523
00:13:50,763 --> 00:13:52,364
UM, YOU KNOW, SHE WAS, UH,

524
00:13:52,364 --> 00:13:53,299
REALLY ONE OF THE PEOPLE

525
00:13:53,299 --> 00:13:55,234
WHO, UH, MADE THAT MISSION

526
00:13:55,234 --> 00:13:57,469
COME INTO, UH, BEING.

527
00:13:57,469 --> 00:13:58,204
AND ONE-- ONE OF THE THINGS

528
00:13:58,204 --> 00:13:59,171
I REALLY ADMIRE ABOUT

529
00:13:59,171 --> 00:14:00,039
NANCY GRACE ROMAN

530
00:14:00,039 --> 00:14:03,542
IS THAT SHE, UM-- SHE HAD, UH,

531
00:14:03,542 --> 00:14:04,410
THE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS

532
00:14:04,410 --> 00:14:06,412
AND THE TECHNICAL SKILLS

533
00:14:06,412 --> 00:14:07,680
AND THE MANAGEMENT SKILLS

534
00:14:07,680 --> 00:14:08,981
AND THE, UH, UNDERSTANDING

535
00:14:08,981 --> 00:14:10,015
AND KNOWLEDGE OF HOW

536
00:14:10,015 --> 00:14:11,350
THE SYSTEM WORKED, UM,

537
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:12,318
SO THAT SHE WAS ABLE TO BRING

538
00:14:12,318 --> 00:14:13,886
ALL OF THESE THINGS-- UM,

539
00:14:13,886 --> 00:14:15,921
THESE THINGS TOGETHER TO,

540
00:14:15,921 --> 00:14:17,356
UM, MAKE HUBBLE HAPPEN.

541
00:14:17,356 --> 00:14:19,458
UM, SHE WAS VERY INSIGHTFUL.

542
00:14:19,458 --> 00:14:20,392
AND I THINK IT'S--

543
00:14:20,392 --> 00:14:22,194
UH, I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT,

544
00:14:22,194 --> 00:14:24,263
UM, TO RECOGNIZE THAT,

545
00:14:24,263 --> 00:14:25,998
UH, LARGE NASA MISSIONS

546
00:14:25,998 --> 00:14:27,166
TAKE MORE THAN JUST BEING

547
00:14:27,166 --> 00:14:27,900
A GOOD SCIENTIST

548
00:14:27,900 --> 00:14:29,301
OR TAKE MORE THAN JUST BEING--

549
00:14:29,301 --> 00:14:31,470
UM, UH, BEING A GOOD ENGINEER.

550
00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:33,172
THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE, UH,

551
00:14:33,172 --> 00:14:34,607
PEOPLE LIKE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

552
00:14:34,607 --> 00:14:35,708
WHO REALLY UNDERSTOOD

553
00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:36,775
THE DETAILS OF ALL

554
00:14:36,775 --> 00:14:38,344
OF THOSE THINGS AND COULD--

555
00:14:38,344 --> 00:14:40,045
UM, UH, COULD BRING THEM,

556
00:14:40,045 --> 00:14:42,248
UH, TOGETHER.

557
00:14:42,248 --> 00:14:43,082
>> TOTALLY AGREE.

558
00:14:43,082 --> 00:14:43,716
ELISA, COULD YOU

559
00:14:43,716 --> 00:14:46,218
TELL US YOUR THOUGHTS?

560
00:14:46,218 --> 00:14:47,353
>> SURE, UM, SO I THINK

561
00:14:47,353 --> 00:14:49,021
IT'S REALLY COOL THAT SHE,

562
00:14:49,021 --> 00:14:51,724
UM, JOINED NASA IN 1959.

563
00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:52,591
SO THIS IS VERY SOON

564
00:14:52,591 --> 00:14:54,360
AFTER NASA WAS CREATED.

565
00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:55,761
UM, SHE WAS THE FIRST

566
00:14:55,761 --> 00:14:57,162
CHIEF OF ASTRONOMY,

567
00:14:57,162 --> 00:14:57,997
UH, THE FIRST WOMAN

568
00:14:57,997 --> 00:14:59,565
EXECUTIVE AT NASA.

569
00:14:59,565 --> 00:15:01,667
AND SHE REALLY ADVOCATED,

570
00:15:01,667 --> 00:15:02,534
UM, YOU KNOW PUTTING

571
00:15:02,534 --> 00:15:04,637
ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENTS IN SPACE.

572
00:15:04,637 --> 00:15:06,171
UM, AND IT'S BECAUSE

573
00:15:06,171 --> 00:15:07,373
OF HER AND PEOPLE

574
00:15:07,373 --> 00:15:08,507
LIKE HER THAT, YOU KNOW,

575
00:15:08,507 --> 00:15:10,976
WE HAVE MISSIONS LIKE WFIRST.

576
00:15:10,976 --> 00:15:12,578
AND SO, UH, YOU KNOW,

577
00:15:12,578 --> 00:15:13,479
NASA DOESN'T JUST BUILD

578
00:15:13,479 --> 00:15:14,780
MISSIONS FOR SCIENCE

579
00:15:14,780 --> 00:15:16,181
THAT WE KNOW ABOUT TODAY.

580
00:15:16,181 --> 00:15:17,483
UH, YOU REALLY HAVE TO BE

581
00:15:17,483 --> 00:15:18,584
A VISIONARY LIKE

582
00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:19,952
NANCY GRACE ROMAN,

583
00:15:19,952 --> 00:15:21,620
UM, TO DEVELOP INSTRUMENTS

584
00:15:21,620 --> 00:15:23,722
THAT ARE GONNA LET US EXPLORE

585
00:15:23,722 --> 00:15:24,456
AND, YOU KNOW,

586
00:15:24,456 --> 00:15:25,357
REALLY TRY TO UNDERSTAND

587
00:15:25,357 --> 00:15:26,959
THE UNKNOWN MYSTERIES,

588
00:15:26,959 --> 00:15:28,127
UM, IN THE UNIVERSE.

589
00:15:28,127 --> 00:15:29,561
AND, UH, WFIRST IS

590
00:15:29,561 --> 00:15:31,063
GONNA BE REALLY EXCITING.

591
00:15:31,063 --> 00:15:33,265
UM, WE ANTICIPATE MANY,

592
00:15:33,265 --> 00:15:35,067
MANY NEW DISCOVERIES.

593
00:15:35,067 --> 00:15:36,735
AND, YOU KNOW, ALL OF THIS IS-

594
00:15:36,735 --> 00:15:38,237
IS BECAUSE OF THE FOUNDATION

595
00:15:38,237 --> 00:15:39,571
THAT NANCY GRACE ROMAN,

596
00:15:39,571 --> 00:15:41,573
UH, PUT DOWN.

597
00:15:41,573 --> 00:15:42,241
>> ABSOLUTELY.

598
00:15:42,241 --> 00:15:43,509
COULDN'T AGREE MORE.

599
00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:44,176
SO COULD YOU BOTH

600
00:15:44,176 --> 00:15:45,477
TELL US A LITTLE BIT MORE

601
00:15:45,477 --> 00:15:46,912
ABOUT THE MISSION?

602
00:15:46,912 --> 00:15:47,446
WHAT ARE SOME OF

603
00:15:47,446 --> 00:15:48,147
THE SCIENCE GOALS

604
00:15:48,147 --> 00:15:48,947
OF THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

605
00:15:48,947 --> 00:15:51,817
SPACE TELESCOPE?

606
00:15:51,817 --> 00:15:52,651
>> SO TO TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT

607
00:15:52,651 --> 00:15:54,053
ABOUT THE, UH, SCIENCE

608
00:15:54,053 --> 00:15:55,154
GAIL-- ER, GOALS

609
00:15:55,154 --> 00:15:57,122
OF THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE,

610
00:15:57,122 --> 00:15:57,956
UM, I NEED TO TELL YOU FIRST

611
00:15:57,956 --> 00:15:58,924
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

612
00:15:58,924 --> 00:16:00,592
HOW, UH-- ABOUT, UH--

613
00:16:00,592 --> 00:16:02,428
ABOUT THE OBSERVATORY ITSELF.

614
00:16:02,428 --> 00:16:04,730
UM, THE MIRROR ON, UH,

615
00:16:04,730 --> 00:16:06,365
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

616
00:16:06,365 --> 00:16:08,867
IS THE SAME SIZE AS THE MIRROR

617
00:16:08,867 --> 00:16:11,070
ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE.

618
00:16:11,070 --> 00:16:12,805
BUT THE MAIN SCIENCE INSTRUMENT,

619
00:16:12,805 --> 00:16:14,006
UH, THE WIDE-FIELD INSTRUMENT,

620
00:16:14,006 --> 00:16:15,441
HAS A FIELD OF VIEW

621
00:16:15,441 --> 00:16:17,276
A 100 TIMES LARGER.

622
00:16:17,276 --> 00:16:19,211
THAT MEANS THAT AT ANY INSTANT

623
00:16:19,211 --> 00:16:20,879
WHEN, UH, THE ROMAN OBSERVATORY

624
00:16:20,879 --> 00:16:22,214
IS VIEWING THE UNIVERSE,

625
00:16:22,214 --> 00:16:23,849
IT WILL SEE A SWATH OF THE SKY

626
00:16:23,849 --> 00:16:26,251
THAT IS 100 TIMES LARGER.

627
00:16:26,251 --> 00:16:28,721
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE, UH,

628
00:16:28,721 --> 00:16:30,656
ALSO OBSERVES MORE EFFICIENTLY,

629
00:16:30,656 --> 00:16:31,623
CAN MOVE FROM ONE PLACE

630
00:16:31,623 --> 00:16:32,825
TO THE OTHER MORE QUICKLY.

631
00:16:32,825 --> 00:16:34,159
IT SPENDS A LARGER FRACTION

632
00:16:34,159 --> 00:16:35,561
OF ITS TIME, UM,

633
00:16:35,561 --> 00:16:37,396
LOOKING AT THE SKY.

634
00:16:37,396 --> 00:16:38,497
UM, SO WITH THIS WE'RE

635
00:16:38,497 --> 00:16:39,765
GOING TO BE ABLE TO VIEW

636
00:16:39,765 --> 00:16:41,433
THE SKY IN A NEW WAY.

637
00:16:41,433 --> 00:16:42,801
UH, WE WILL BE SURVEYING

638
00:16:42,801 --> 00:16:45,671
THE SKY, UM, LOOKING ACROSS

639
00:16:45,671 --> 00:16:47,072
LARGE AREAS-- OR LOOKING

640
00:16:47,072 --> 00:16:48,374
AT PLACES WHERE WE DON'T KNOW

641
00:16:48,374 --> 00:16:50,109
WHEN TO EXPECT SOMETHING, UH,

642
00:16:50,109 --> 00:16:51,310
BUT WE'RE SIMPLY MONITORING IT.

643
00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:52,544
AND THIS IS A DIFFERENT--

644
00:16:52,544 --> 00:16:53,946
VERY DIFFERENT TO POINTING

645
00:16:53,946 --> 00:16:56,281
AT A SPECIFIC, UH, OBJECT

646
00:16:56,281 --> 00:16:57,249
WITH A TELESCOPE

647
00:16:57,249 --> 00:16:58,484
THAT HAS A MUCH, UH,

648
00:16:58,484 --> 00:17:00,085
SMALLER PART OF THE SKY

649
00:17:00,085 --> 00:17:02,154
THAT IT VIEWS AT ANY INSTANT.

650
00:17:02,154 --> 00:17:03,021
SO WITH THE ROMAN

651
00:17:03,021 --> 00:17:03,822
SPACE TELESCOPE,

652
00:17:03,822 --> 00:17:05,591
WE'RE GOING TO SEE HUNDREDS

653
00:17:05,591 --> 00:17:08,327
OF MILLIONS OF GALAXIES.

654
00:17:08,327 --> 00:17:08,894
AND WE'RE GONNA MEASURE

655
00:17:08,894 --> 00:17:10,462
PRECISELY THE DISTANCE

656
00:17:10,462 --> 00:17:11,397
AND POSITION OF EACH

657
00:17:11,397 --> 00:17:12,564
OF THOSE GALAXIES.

658
00:17:12,564 --> 00:17:13,532
FOR A FRACTION OF THEM,

659
00:17:13,532 --> 00:17:14,867
WE'RE GOING TO VERY PRECISELY

660
00:17:14,867 --> 00:17:15,634
MEASURE THE SHAPE

661
00:17:15,634 --> 00:17:16,468
OF THOSE GALAXIES.

662
00:17:16,468 --> 00:17:18,470
AND WE CAN USE THIS INFORMATION,

663
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:20,272
UM, TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE

664
00:17:20,272 --> 00:17:23,142
AND EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE.

665
00:17:23,142 --> 00:17:24,109
WE CAN ALSO EXPLORE,

666
00:17:24,109 --> 00:17:26,111
UM, OUR, UH, SKY

667
00:17:26,111 --> 00:17:27,346
IN OTHER WAYS AS WELL.

668
00:17:27,346 --> 00:17:29,348
WE PLAN TO PICK A REGION

669
00:17:29,348 --> 00:17:31,216
OF THE SKY AND GO BACK

670
00:17:31,216 --> 00:17:33,819
TIME AND TIME AND TIME AGAIN.

671
00:17:33,819 --> 00:17:35,120
AND IN THIS REGION OF THE SKY

672
00:17:35,120 --> 00:17:35,954
WHERE THERE ARE HUNDREDS

673
00:17:35,954 --> 00:17:37,623
OF THOUSANDS OF GALAXIES,

674
00:17:37,623 --> 00:17:39,324
UM, IF A STAR

675
00:17:39,324 --> 00:17:41,493
IN ANY OF THOSE GALAXIES,

676
00:17:41,493 --> 00:17:43,028
UH, GOES SUPERNOVA--

677
00:17:43,028 --> 00:17:43,829
THAT MEANS IT EXPLODES

678
00:17:43,829 --> 00:17:45,063
AT THE END OF ITS LIFE--

679
00:17:45,063 --> 00:17:45,798
WFIRST WILL BE ABLE

680
00:17:45,798 --> 00:17:46,865
TO FIND THAT.

681
00:17:46,865 --> 00:17:48,000
AND WE WILL HAVE, UH,

682
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:50,369
TENS OF THOUSANDS OF SUPERNOVA,

683
00:17:50,369 --> 00:17:51,904
UH, DISCOVERED WITH WFIRST

684
00:17:51,904 --> 00:17:53,806
BY THE, UH, END OF THE MISSION.

685
00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:54,573
AND WE CAN USE THOSE

686
00:17:54,573 --> 00:17:56,175
TO STUDY THOSE EXPLODING STARS.

687
00:17:56,175 --> 00:17:57,376
WE CAN USE, ER,

688
00:17:57,376 --> 00:17:59,278
THE INFORMATION FROM THAT

689
00:17:59,278 --> 00:18:00,279
AS A DIFFERENT WAY

690
00:18:00,279 --> 00:18:01,814
TO UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE

691
00:18:01,814 --> 00:18:03,115
AND EVOLUTION OF THE--

692
00:18:03,115 --> 00:18:04,283
OF THE UNIVERSE.

693
00:18:04,283 --> 00:18:05,317
AND THEN FINALLY

694
00:18:05,317 --> 00:18:07,786
WHEN YOU EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE

695
00:18:07,786 --> 00:18:09,087
IN A WAY THAT YOU'RE JUST

696
00:18:09,087 --> 00:18:10,722
LOOKING TO SEE WHAT'S THERE,

697
00:18:10,722 --> 00:18:11,423
RATHER THAN LOOKING

698
00:18:11,423 --> 00:18:12,791
AT A PARTICULAR SPOT,

699
00:18:12,791 --> 00:18:13,525
YOU'RE NO LONGER LOOKING

700
00:18:13,525 --> 00:18:15,761
UNDER THE, UH, LAMP POST.

701
00:18:15,761 --> 00:18:16,695
UM, YOU'RE GOING TO BE ABLE

702
00:18:16,695 --> 00:18:17,696
TO FIND THE THINGS

703
00:18:17,696 --> 00:18:18,797
THAT YOU DIDN'T EXPECT,

704
00:18:18,797 --> 00:18:19,531
SO I'M CONFIDENT THAT

705
00:18:19,531 --> 00:18:21,467
THE MOST EXCITING SCIENCE RETURN

706
00:18:21,467 --> 00:18:23,969
FROM THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

707
00:18:23,969 --> 00:18:24,503
WILL BE THINGS THAT

708
00:18:24,503 --> 00:18:26,638
WE DIDN'T EXPECT TO FIND.

709
00:18:26,638 --> 00:18:27,306
>> THAT'S SO GREAT.

710
00:18:27,306 --> 00:18:28,240
AND FOR ME THAT'S ONE

711
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:29,174
OF THE MOST EXCITING THINGS

712
00:18:29,174 --> 00:18:30,676
ABOUT ANY TELESCOPE THAT NASA

713
00:18:30,676 --> 00:18:32,211
PUTS INTO SPACE IS THOSE--

714
00:18:32,211 --> 00:18:32,978
SORT OF THOSE SURPRISES

715
00:18:32,978 --> 00:18:34,346
THAT ARE OUT THERE

716
00:18:34,346 --> 00:18:35,080
IN THE UNIVERSE

717
00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:37,382
WAITING FOR US TO-TO FIND THEM.

718
00:18:37,382 --> 00:18:38,217
ELISA, WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS

719
00:18:38,217 --> 00:18:39,952
ON THE EXCITING SCIENCE

720
00:18:39,952 --> 00:18:41,019
OF THIS MIS-- THIS NEW MISSION

721
00:18:41,019 --> 00:18:42,721
WILL DISCOVER?

722
00:18:42,721 --> 00:18:43,789
>> SURE, SO IN ADDITION

723
00:18:43,789 --> 00:18:45,824
TO ALL THE AMAZING DISCOVERIES,

724
00:18:45,824 --> 00:18:47,326
UM, ONE OF THE OTHER GOALS

725
00:18:47,326 --> 00:18:49,595
OF WFIRST IS TO DISCOVER

726
00:18:49,595 --> 00:18:51,296
AND EXPLORE EXOPLANETS.

727
00:18:51,296 --> 00:18:52,164
SO THESE ARE PLANETS

728
00:18:52,164 --> 00:18:53,265
ORBITING STARS OUTSIDE

729
00:18:53,265 --> 00:18:54,733
OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

730
00:18:54,733 --> 00:18:55,868
UH, WE CURRENTLY KNOW

731
00:18:55,868 --> 00:18:57,536
OF OVER 4,000 PLANETS

732
00:18:57,536 --> 00:18:58,904
OUTSIDE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

733
00:18:58,904 --> 00:18:59,738
UM, BOTH MOST OF THESE

734
00:18:59,738 --> 00:19:00,572
WERE DISCOVERED WITH

735
00:19:00,572 --> 00:19:01,473
A TECHNIQUE CALLED

736
00:19:01,473 --> 00:19:02,608
THE TRANSIT TECHNIQUE.

737
00:19:02,608 --> 00:19:03,709
UM, SO YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR

738
00:19:03,709 --> 00:19:04,309
WITH THE KEPLER

739
00:19:04,309 --> 00:19:05,811
AND TESS MISSIONS.

740
00:19:05,811 --> 00:19:07,112
UM, SO WFIRST WILL USE

741
00:19:07,112 --> 00:19:08,180
A DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE

742
00:19:08,180 --> 00:19:09,581
CALLED MICROLENSING.

743
00:19:09,581 --> 00:19:10,215
UM, IT USES

744
00:19:10,215 --> 00:19:12,251
A LIGHT-BENDING PHENOMENON,

745
00:19:12,251 --> 00:19:13,385
UH, TO DISCOVER PLANETS

746
00:19:13,385 --> 00:19:14,686
ON MUCH WIDER ORBITS

747
00:19:14,686 --> 00:19:16,455
THAN WE PREVIOUSLY KNEW OF.

748
00:19:16,455 --> 00:19:17,890
AND SO, UM, THESE ARE

749
00:19:17,890 --> 00:19:19,324
ORBITS COMPARABLE, UH,

750
00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:21,393
TO VENUS'S OUT TO PLUTO,

751
00:19:21,393 --> 00:19:22,628
UM, THESE PLANETS ON THESE,

752
00:19:22,628 --> 00:19:24,630
YOU KNOW, COLDER ORBITS.

753
00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:25,764
UH, SO WHAT WE LEARN

754
00:19:25,764 --> 00:19:27,599
WITH WFIRST MICROLENSING

755
00:19:27,599 --> 00:19:28,333
COMBINED WITH KEPLER

756
00:19:28,333 --> 00:19:29,201
AND TESS IS REALLY

757
00:19:29,201 --> 00:19:30,702
GONNA ALLOW US TO COMPLETE

758
00:19:30,702 --> 00:19:32,037
THE CENSUS OF PLANETARY

759
00:19:32,037 --> 00:19:33,505
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES.

760
00:19:33,505 --> 00:19:34,773
UM, THIS IS GONNA ALLOW US

761
00:19:34,773 --> 00:19:35,841
TO UNDERSTAND, YOU KNOW,

762
00:19:35,841 --> 00:19:37,309
QUESTIONS LIKE HOW DOES

763
00:19:37,309 --> 00:19:40,112
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FIT, UM,

764
00:19:40,112 --> 00:19:41,480
YOU KNOW, IN THE GRAND PICTURE

765
00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:43,348
OF PLANET FORMATION?

766
00:19:43,348 --> 00:19:44,983
UM, WFIRST WILL ALSO HAVE

767
00:19:44,983 --> 00:19:46,752
A CORONAGRAPH TECHNOLOGY,

768
00:19:46,752 --> 00:19:48,720
UH, DEMO INSTRUMENT.

769
00:19:48,720 --> 00:19:49,922
UM, THIS IS AN INSTRUMENT

770
00:19:49,922 --> 00:19:51,189
THAT'S GOING TO DIRECTLY

771
00:19:51,189 --> 00:19:52,758
IMAGE EXOPLANETS, UH,

772
00:19:52,758 --> 00:19:54,626
BY BLOCKING OUT A STAR'S LIGHT.

773
00:19:54,626 --> 00:19:55,127
SO YOU CAN SEE

774
00:19:55,127 --> 00:19:56,662
MUCH FAINTER, PLANETS,

775
00:19:56,662 --> 00:19:58,564
UM, ORBITING THESE.

776
00:19:58,564 --> 00:20:00,165
AND, UH, WE'LL ALSO BE ABLE

777
00:20:00,165 --> 00:20:02,000
TO IMAGE DUSTY DISKS WHICH FORM

778
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,569
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PLANETS.

779
00:20:03,569 --> 00:20:05,704
AND SO IT'S REALLY GONNA,

780
00:20:05,704 --> 00:20:07,606
UM, ALLOW US TO EXPLORE

781
00:20:07,606 --> 00:20:08,874
THIS WHOLE NEW DISCOVERY SPACE

782
00:20:08,874 --> 00:20:09,875
OF PLANETS AND-

783
00:20:09,875 --> 00:20:10,842
AND HOW THEY FORM

784
00:20:10,842 --> 00:20:11,944
AND ALSO PUSH THE LIMITS

785
00:20:11,944 --> 00:20:13,045
WITH TECHNOLOGY.

786
00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:13,812
WHAT ELSE CAN WE SPEND--

787
00:20:13,812 --> 00:20:16,882
ER, SEND UP INTO SPACE?

788
00:20:16,882 --> 00:20:17,616
>> THAT'S SO EXCITING.

789
00:20:17,616 --> 00:20:18,250
YOU KNOW, MY OWN

790
00:20:18,250 --> 00:20:19,751
PERSONAL RESEARCH IS,

791
00:20:19,751 --> 00:20:20,719
UH, ABOUT GALAXIES.

792
00:20:20,719 --> 00:20:21,386
I'M INTERESTED

793
00:20:21,386 --> 00:20:22,321
IN HOW GALAXIES CHANGE

794
00:20:22,321 --> 00:20:24,022
OVER BILLIONS OF YEARS.

795
00:20:24,022 --> 00:20:24,923
BUT I THINK SOME

796
00:20:24,923 --> 00:20:26,325
OF THE EXOPLANET SCIENCE

797
00:20:26,325 --> 00:20:27,759
THAT THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

798
00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:28,493
WILL DO IS GONNA BE

799
00:20:28,493 --> 00:20:29,461
SOME OF THE MOST EXCITING

800
00:20:29,461 --> 00:20:31,163
STUFF THAT WE LEARN.

801
00:20:31,163 --> 00:20:33,031
SO, UH, WE'VE HEARD A LOT TODAY

802
00:20:33,031 --> 00:20:33,832
ABOUT THE IMPACT

803
00:20:33,832 --> 00:20:34,733
THAT NANCY GRACE ROMAN

804
00:20:34,733 --> 00:20:35,968
HAS HAD ON THE FIELD

805
00:20:35,968 --> 00:20:37,903
OF ASTRONOMY IN GENERAL.

806
00:20:37,903 --> 00:20:39,338
HOW WILL THIS ENCOURAGE

807
00:20:39,338 --> 00:20:41,740
FUTURE GENERATIONS OF GIRLS?

808
00:20:44,309 --> 00:20:45,444
>> YOU KNOW, IT'S-- I MEAN,

809
00:20:45,444 --> 00:20:47,546
IT'S FANTASTIC THAT THIS

810
00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:48,880
OBSERVATORY IS BEING, UH--

811
00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:50,048
BEING, UH, NAMED

812
00:20:50,048 --> 00:20:52,384
AFTER NANCY GRACE, UH, ROMAN.

813
00:20:52,384 --> 00:20:54,052
UM, SHE DESERVES IT.

814
00:20:54,052 --> 00:20:56,521
HER CONTRIBUTIONS, UM,

815
00:20:56,521 --> 00:20:59,091
NOT JUST TO, UM,

816
00:20:59,091 --> 00:21:00,192
UH, DEVELOPING

817
00:21:00,192 --> 00:21:01,693
THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE,

818
00:21:01,693 --> 00:21:04,029
BUT IN DEVELOPING ASTRONOMY, UM,

819
00:21:04,029 --> 00:21:05,764
UH, IN THE EARLY DAYS OF NASA,

820
00:21:05,764 --> 00:21:07,466
UH, ALL ACROSS, UM,

821
00:21:07,466 --> 00:21:08,600
THE VARIOUS DIFFERENT, UH,

822
00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:09,901
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES

823
00:21:09,901 --> 00:21:11,169
THAT NASA LAUNCHED IS-IS

824
00:21:11,169 --> 00:21:12,838
REALLY, TRULY EXTRAORDINARY.

825
00:21:12,838 --> 00:21:13,805
I'M DELIGHTED THAT

826
00:21:13,805 --> 00:21:14,773
THIS OBSERVATORY HAS BEEN

827
00:21:14,773 --> 00:21:16,141
CHOSEN TO BE NAMED AFTER,

828
00:21:16,141 --> 00:21:18,910
UH, NANCY GRACE, UH, ROMAN.

829
00:21:18,910 --> 00:21:19,711
UM, BUT WHAT--

830
00:21:19,711 --> 00:21:21,413
IT'S ALSO REALLY, UH, NICE

831
00:21:21,413 --> 00:21:23,148
THAT SHE HAPPENS TO BE, UH--

832
00:21:23,148 --> 00:21:23,749
TO BE A WOMAN.

833
00:21:23,749 --> 00:21:25,183
I THINK, UH, THAT IS

834
00:21:25,183 --> 00:21:27,419
IMPORTANT FOR, UM, UH--

835
00:21:27,419 --> 00:21:29,054
FOR YOUNG GIRLS TO SEE,

836
00:21:29,054 --> 00:21:30,055
UM, WHAT'S POSSIBLE

837
00:21:30,055 --> 00:21:32,290
AND TO SEE SOMEBODY WHO IS,

838
00:21:32,290 --> 00:21:35,661
UM, MORE LIKE THEM, UM, BEING,

839
00:21:35,661 --> 00:21:36,762
UH, ACKNOWLEDGED IN THIS WAY,

840
00:21:36,762 --> 00:21:37,896
WHICH WILL ENCOURAGE,

841
00:21:37,896 --> 00:21:39,264
UH, PEOPLE TO LOOK MORE CLOSELY

842
00:21:39,264 --> 00:21:40,432
AT WHAT SHE DID ACHIEVE,

843
00:21:40,432 --> 00:21:41,366
UM, THROUGH HER LIFE.

844
00:21:41,366 --> 00:21:42,234
AND I THINK WE CAN ALL DERIVE

845
00:21:42,234 --> 00:21:44,469
SOME INSPIRATION FROM THAT.

846
00:21:44,469 --> 00:21:45,537
>> ABSOLUTELY AGREE.

847
00:21:45,537 --> 00:21:48,674
ELISA, WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS?

848
00:21:48,674 --> 00:21:49,941
>> UM, SO YOU KNOW,

849
00:21:49,941 --> 00:21:51,243
NANCY GRACE ROMAN ACCOMPLISHED

850
00:21:51,243 --> 00:21:52,744
SO MUCH IN HER LIFE.

851
00:21:52,744 --> 00:21:54,246
UM, I-I REALLY RESPECT

852
00:21:54,246 --> 00:21:55,447
HOW MUCH SHE WAS ABLE

853
00:21:55,447 --> 00:21:56,648
TO ACCOMPLISH, YOU KNOW,

854
00:21:56,648 --> 00:21:58,617
DURING THIS TIME WHEN

855
00:21:58,617 --> 00:21:59,584
THERE REALLY WEREN'T

856
00:21:59,584 --> 00:22:01,520
VERY MANY ROLE MODELS OF,

857
00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:02,688
YOU KNOW, WOMEN IN SCIENCE

858
00:22:02,688 --> 00:22:05,357
OR IN SPACE DEVELOPMENT.

859
00:22:05,357 --> 00:22:07,859
UM, SO YOU KNOW, NOWADAYS

860
00:22:07,859 --> 00:22:08,794
ALMOST EVERYONE KNOWS ABOUT

861
00:22:08,794 --> 00:22:10,262
THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE.

862
00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:11,563
IT'S ENABLED SO MUCH SCIENCE

863
00:22:11,563 --> 00:22:13,031
OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES

864
00:22:13,031 --> 00:22:15,634
AND, YOU KNOW, PROVIDES SUCH--

865
00:22:15,634 --> 00:22:17,069
SO MANY AMAZING DISCOVERIES.

866
00:22:17,069 --> 00:22:19,204
AND SO COMING UP IN--

867
00:22:19,204 --> 00:22:20,605
YOU KNOW, SOON AND OVER

868
00:22:20,605 --> 00:22:21,873
THE NEXT FEW DECADES,

869
00:22:21,873 --> 00:22:22,874
UH, WE'RE GONNA HAVE

870
00:22:22,874 --> 00:22:23,709
THE SAME EXPERIENCE

871
00:22:23,709 --> 00:22:25,310
WITH THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE.

872
00:22:25,310 --> 00:22:25,977
UH, PEOPLE ARE GONNA

873
00:22:25,977 --> 00:22:27,512
LEARN HER NAME, UM,

874
00:22:27,512 --> 00:22:29,181
READ ALL ABOUT HER BACKGROUND

875
00:22:29,181 --> 00:22:30,348
AND HER PERSEVERANCE

876
00:22:30,348 --> 00:22:31,116
AND HER STRENGTH,

877
00:22:31,116 --> 00:22:33,118
AND I THINK THAT IS JUST

878
00:22:33,118 --> 00:22:35,387
IN ITSELF REALLY INSPIRING.

879
00:22:35,387 --> 00:22:36,455
AND LOOKING TO SEE HOW

880
00:22:36,455 --> 00:22:39,291
MUCH SHE ACCOMPLISHED AND, UM--

881
00:22:39,291 --> 00:22:41,159
REALLY INSPIRING FOR ME

882
00:22:41,159 --> 00:22:41,693
>> THAT'S GREAT.

883
00:22:41,693 --> 00:22:43,795
I COULDN'T AGREE MORE.

884
00:22:43,795 --> 00:22:44,763
WELL, THAT'S ALL THE TIME

885
00:22:44,763 --> 00:22:46,364
WE HAVE FOR OUR SHOW TODAY.

886
00:22:46,364 --> 00:22:47,599
ELISA, THANK YOU SO MUCH

887
00:22:47,599 --> 00:22:49,501
FOR JOINING US.

888
00:22:49,501 --> 00:22:49,968
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH

889
00:22:49,968 --> 00:22:51,837
FOR HAVING ME.

890
00:22:51,837 --> 00:22:53,138
>> AND, JULIE, THANK YOU AS WELL

891
00:22:53,138 --> 00:22:55,207
FOR JOINING US TODAY.

892
00:22:55,207 --> 00:22:57,209
>> THANK YOU, IT WAS A PLEASURE.

893
00:22:57,209 --> 00:22:58,577
>> WE'RE SO EXCITED FOR WHAT

894
00:22:58,577 --> 00:22:59,444
THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

895
00:22:59,444 --> 00:23:00,345
SPACE TELESCOPE

896
00:23:00,345 --> 00:23:02,714
WILL REVEAL ABOUT OUR UNIVERSE.

897
00:23:02,714 --> 00:23:04,583
AND TO HONOR THE EXTRAORDINARY

898
00:23:04,583 --> 00:23:06,184
AND PIONEERING WOMAN

899
00:23:06,184 --> 00:23:07,085
THAT THIS TELESCOPE

900
00:23:07,085 --> 00:23:08,854
IS NOW NAMED AFTER.

901
00:23:08,854 --> 00:23:10,021
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT

902
00:23:10,021 --> 00:23:11,356
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE,

903
00:23:11,356 --> 00:23:12,023
YOU CAN VISIT

904
00:23:12,023 --> 00:23:14,926
NASA.GOV/ROMAN.

905
00:23:14,926 --> 00:23:16,361
THANKS FOR WATCHING.

906
00:23:57,269 --> 00:23:32,277
[ MUSIC ]

907
00:24:29,768 --> 00:24:31,236
>> THE UNIVERSE.

908
00:24:31,236 --> 00:24:31,970
FOR ALL WE HAVE

909
00:24:31,970 --> 00:24:33,171
LEARNED ABOUT IT,

910
00:24:33,171 --> 00:24:34,472
WE HAVE ONLY JUST BEGUN

911
00:24:34,472 --> 00:24:37,042
TO REVEAL ITS SECRETS.

912
00:24:37,042 --> 00:24:37,809
WHAT ARE DARK MATTER

913
00:24:37,809 --> 00:24:39,678
AND DARK ENERGY?

914
00:24:39,678 --> 00:24:41,079
HOW COMMON ARE PLANETARY

915
00:24:41,079 --> 00:24:43,715
ARRANGEMENTS LIKE OUR OWN?

916
00:24:43,715 --> 00:24:44,616
AND HOW MANY PLANETS

917
00:24:44,616 --> 00:24:45,617
IN OUR GALAXY HAVE

918
00:24:45,617 --> 00:24:48,320
THE POTENTIAL TO HARBOR LIFE?

919
00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:49,888
THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

920
00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:50,956
SPACE TELESCOPE

921
00:24:50,956 --> 00:24:51,857
WILL HELP ANSWER

922
00:24:51,857 --> 00:24:54,392
THESE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS.

923
00:24:54,392 --> 00:24:56,361
FORMERLY KNOWN AS WFIRST,

924
00:24:56,361 --> 00:24:57,829
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

925
00:24:57,829 --> 00:24:59,397
IS SIMILAR TO HUBBLE,

926
00:24:59,397 --> 00:25:01,132
BUT WITH THE BENEFIT OF 30 YEARS

927
00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:03,935
OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT,

928
00:25:03,935 --> 00:25:05,503
EACH IMAGE FROM ITS WIDE-FIELD

929
00:25:05,503 --> 00:25:06,404
INSTRUMENT WILL HAVE

930
00:25:06,404 --> 00:25:07,672
THE DEPTH AND CLARITY

931
00:25:07,672 --> 00:25:09,107
OF HUBBLE'S BEST,

932
00:25:09,107 --> 00:25:10,475
BUT CAPTURE A SKY AREA

933
00:25:10,475 --> 00:25:13,745
100 TIMES LARGER.

934
00:25:13,745 --> 00:25:15,146
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

935
00:25:15,146 --> 00:25:16,848
WILL TAKE THE LEAD IN EXPLORING

936
00:25:16,848 --> 00:25:19,484
DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER.

937
00:25:19,484 --> 00:25:20,852
WE ONLY KNOW THEY EXIST

938
00:25:20,852 --> 00:25:21,686
BY THEIR EFFECTS

939
00:25:21,686 --> 00:25:23,555
ON OBSERVABLE MATTER,

940
00:25:23,555 --> 00:25:24,189
YET THESE TWO

941
00:25:24,189 --> 00:25:25,523
MYSTERIOUS COMPONENTS

942
00:25:25,523 --> 00:25:29,327
MAKE UP 95% OF THE UNIVERSE.

943
00:25:29,327 --> 00:25:30,929
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE'S

944
00:25:30,929 --> 00:25:33,498
POWERFUL 2.4-METER MIRROR

945
00:25:33,498 --> 00:25:34,933
AND ENORMOUS FIELD OF VIEW

946
00:25:34,933 --> 00:25:36,234
WILL ALSO HELP US

947
00:25:36,234 --> 00:25:37,435
IN THE SEARCH FOR PLANETS

948
00:25:37,435 --> 00:25:38,970
BEYOND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM,

949
00:25:38,970 --> 00:25:41,006
OR EXOPLANETS.

950
00:25:41,006 --> 00:25:41,640
IT WILL WATCH

951
00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:42,641
FOR GRAVITATIONAL

952
00:25:42,641 --> 00:25:44,242
MICROLENSING EVENTS

953
00:25:44,242 --> 00:25:45,410
CAUSED WHEN A PLANET

954
00:25:45,410 --> 00:25:47,012
AND ITS HOST STAR PASS

955
00:25:47,012 --> 00:25:49,381
IN FRONT OF A BACKGROUND STAR.

956
00:25:49,381 --> 00:25:50,782
SUCH EVENTS ARE RARE,

957
00:25:50,782 --> 00:25:51,516
SO CATCHING THEM

958
00:25:51,516 --> 00:25:52,517
REQUIRES WATCHING

959
00:25:52,517 --> 00:25:55,487
LARGE SWATHS OF THE SKY.

960
00:25:55,487 --> 00:25:56,554
TO DEEPEN ITS STUDY

961
00:25:56,554 --> 00:25:57,822
OF EXOPLANETS,

962
00:25:57,822 --> 00:25:59,190
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

963
00:25:59,190 --> 00:26:00,425
WILL HOUSE A BEYOND-

964
00:26:00,425 --> 00:26:01,359
STATE-OF-THE-ART

965
00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:02,727
CORONAGRAPH THAT WILL

966
00:26:02,727 --> 00:26:04,729
DIRECTLY IMAGE AND ANALYZE

967
00:26:04,729 --> 00:26:06,331
NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANETS

968
00:26:06,331 --> 00:26:07,899
IN ORBITS SLIGHTLY LARGER

969
00:26:07,899 --> 00:26:09,200
THAN EARTH'S,

970
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:10,468
A DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT

971
00:26:10,468 --> 00:26:13,471
OVER CURRENT CAPABILITIES.

972
00:26:13,471 --> 00:26:14,706
THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

973
00:26:14,706 --> 00:26:15,807
SPACE TELESCOPE

974
00:26:15,807 --> 00:26:17,108
WILL HELP US ANSWER MANY

975
00:26:17,108 --> 00:26:19,477
OF THE BIGGEST COSMIC QUESTIONS.

976
00:26:19,477 --> 00:26:20,512
ITS WIDE-FIELD VIEW

977
00:26:20,512 --> 00:26:21,613
AND CORONAGRAPH

978
00:26:21,613 --> 00:26:22,781
WILL COMPLEMENT MISSIONS

979
00:26:22,781 --> 00:26:24,282
LIKE NASA'S JAMES WEBB

980
00:26:24,282 --> 00:26:25,350
SPACE TELESCOPE

981
00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:26,818
AND TRANSITING EXOPLANET

982
00:26:26,818 --> 00:26:29,988
SURVEY SATELLITE, TESS.

983
00:26:29,988 --> 00:26:31,456
THE ROMAN SPACE TELESCOPE

984
00:26:31,456 --> 00:26:33,191
WILL BE AN INDISPENSABLE PART

985
00:26:33,191 --> 00:26:34,793
OF SPACE SCIENCE DURING

986
00:26:34,793 --> 00:26:37,495
THE NEXT DECADE AND BEYOND.

987
00:26:45,470 --> 00:26:46,671
>> IT'S HARD TO DECIDE

988
00:26:46,671 --> 00:26:47,839
HOW HISTORY WILL VIEW

989
00:26:47,839 --> 00:26:49,941
MY ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

990
00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:51,309
PEOPLE GENERALLY AREN'T

991
00:26:51,309 --> 00:26:52,811
TERRIBLY INTERESTED IN

992
00:26:52,811 --> 00:26:55,413
WHAT GETS THINGS STARTED.

993
00:26:55,413 --> 00:26:56,648
AND SO I'M NOT SURE

994
00:26:56,648 --> 00:26:57,615
THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE MUCH

995
00:26:57,615 --> 00:27:00,518
OF AN IDEA OF MY ROLE.

996
00:27:00,518 --> 00:27:01,553
>> NANCY GRACE ROMAN

997
00:27:01,553 --> 00:27:02,887
SERVED AS THE FIRST CHIEF

998
00:27:02,887 --> 00:27:04,356
OF ASTRONOMY IN NASA'S

999
00:27:04,356 --> 00:27:06,558
OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE,

1000
00:27:06,558 --> 00:27:07,692
THE FIRST WOMAN TO HOLD

1001
00:27:07,692 --> 00:27:09,027
AN EXECUTIVE POSITION

1002
00:27:09,027 --> 00:27:11,096
WITHIN THE AGENCY.

1003
00:27:11,096 --> 00:27:12,063
SHE WAS INSTRUMENTAL

1004
00:27:12,063 --> 00:27:12,964
IN THE EARLY PLANNING

1005
00:27:12,964 --> 00:27:13,999
OF NASA'S FIRST

1006
00:27:13,999 --> 00:27:15,900
GREAT SPACE OBSERVATORY,

1007
00:27:15,900 --> 00:27:17,669
THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE,

1008
00:27:17,669 --> 00:27:18,903
EARNING HER THE NICKNAME,

1009
00:27:18,903 --> 00:27:21,539
"THE MOTHER OF HUBBLE."

1010
00:27:21,539 --> 00:27:22,440
TO HONOR HER,

1011
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:23,942
NASA HAS GIVEN HER NAME TO ONE

1012
00:27:23,942 --> 00:27:25,677
OF ITS MOST POWERFUL UPCOMING

1013
00:27:25,677 --> 00:27:27,846
SPACE OBSERVATORIES.

1014
00:27:27,846 --> 00:27:29,881
WFIRST, THE WIDE-FIELD

1015
00:27:29,881 --> 00:27:31,750
INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE

1016
00:27:31,750 --> 00:27:33,651
IS NOW THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

1017
00:27:33,651 --> 00:27:36,721
SPACE TELESCOPE.

1018
00:27:36,721 --> 00:27:39,190
NANCY GRACE WAS BORN IN 1925

1019
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:40,125
AND DEVELOPED AN INTEREST

1020
00:27:40,125 --> 00:27:42,827
IN ASTRONOMY AT AN EARLY AGE.

1021
00:27:42,827 --> 00:27:44,929
>> I JUST WAS FASCINATED.

1022
00:27:44,929 --> 00:27:46,798
BETWEEN FIFTH AND SIXTH GRADE

1023
00:27:46,798 --> 00:27:48,967
I ORGANIZED MY FRIENDS

1024
00:27:48,967 --> 00:27:50,368
INTO AN ASTRONOMY CLUB

1025
00:27:50,368 --> 00:27:53,471
TO STUDY THE CONSTELLATIONS.

1026
00:27:53,471 --> 00:27:55,206
I CERTAINLY DID NOT RECEIVE

1027
00:27:55,206 --> 00:27:56,841
ANY ENCOURAGEMENT.

1028
00:27:56,841 --> 00:27:58,510
I WAS TOLD FROM THE BEGINNING

1029
00:27:58,510 --> 00:28:00,478
THAT WOMEN COULD NOT

1030
00:28:00,478 --> 00:28:03,681
BE SCIENTISTS.

1031
00:28:03,681 --> 00:28:05,083
>> NANCY GRACE PERSEVERED

1032
00:28:05,083 --> 00:28:05,917
AND GRADUATED FROM

1033
00:28:05,917 --> 00:28:07,252
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

1034
00:28:07,252 --> 00:28:09,154
IN 1949 WITH A DOCTORATE

1035
00:28:09,154 --> 00:28:10,121
IN ASTRONOMY

1036
00:28:10,121 --> 00:28:11,122
DESPITE CONTINUING

1037
00:28:11,122 --> 00:28:13,658
TO ENCOUNTER DISCRIMINATION.

1038
00:28:13,658 --> 00:28:14,993
>> MY THESIS PROFESSOR--

1039
00:28:14,993 --> 00:28:15,794
THERE WAS A PERIOD

1040
00:28:15,794 --> 00:28:17,495
IN WHICH HE WENT FOR SIX MONTHS

1041
00:28:17,495 --> 00:28:18,897
WITHOUT SPEAKING TO ME

1042
00:28:18,897 --> 00:28:19,931
EVEN WHEN I SAID HELLO

1043
00:28:19,931 --> 00:28:21,599
TO HIM IN THE HALL.

1044
00:28:21,599 --> 00:28:22,600
HE DIDN'T WANT TO HAVE

1045
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:24,869
ANYTHING TO DO WITH ME.

1046
00:28:24,869 --> 00:28:25,603
>> AFTER SEVERAL YEARS

1047
00:28:25,603 --> 00:28:28,740
OF RESEARCH, NASA CAME CALLING.

1048
00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:32,610
>> I STARTED IN NASA IN 1959.

1049
00:28:32,610 --> 00:28:34,446
IT WAS SIX MONTHS OLD.

1050
00:28:34,446 --> 00:28:35,213
BEING THE FIRST

1051
00:28:35,213 --> 00:28:36,981
EXECUTIVE WOMAN AT NASA

1052
00:28:36,981 --> 00:28:38,450
TURNED OUT NOT TO BE

1053
00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:41,352
TERRIBLY, UH, EVENTFUL.

1054
00:28:41,352 --> 00:28:43,955
UH, I WAS ACCEPTED VERY READILY

1055
00:28:43,955 --> 00:28:47,158
AS A SCIENTIST IN MY JOB.

1056
00:28:47,158 --> 00:28:49,260
>> DURING HER 21 YEARS AT NASA,

1057
00:28:49,260 --> 00:28:50,428
DR. ROMAN WAS INVOLVED

1058
00:28:50,428 --> 00:28:51,763
IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND LAUNCH

1059
00:28:51,763 --> 00:28:52,997
OF MANY SPACE-BASED

1060
00:28:52,997 --> 00:28:54,532
OBSERVATORIES WHICH STUDIED

1061
00:28:54,532 --> 00:28:56,734
THE SUN, DEEP SPACE,

1062
00:28:56,734 --> 00:28:58,670
AND THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.

1063
00:28:58,670 --> 00:28:59,537
HER MOST ENDURING

1064
00:28:59,537 --> 00:29:00,672
LEGACY AT NASA

1065
00:29:00,672 --> 00:29:02,006
WAS THE PLANNING OF HUBBLE

1066
00:29:02,006 --> 00:29:03,775
AND ITS SCIENCE PROGRAM.

1067
00:29:03,775 --> 00:29:04,409
SHE DID MUCH

1068
00:29:04,409 --> 00:29:05,477
OF THE EARLY ADVOCACY

1069
00:29:05,477 --> 00:29:06,277
AND ESTABLISHED

1070
00:29:06,277 --> 00:29:07,378
THE PROGRAM STRUCTURE

1071
00:29:07,378 --> 00:29:08,613
WHICH LAID THE FOUNDATION

1072
00:29:08,613 --> 00:29:09,514
FOR OTHER LARGE

1073
00:29:09,514 --> 00:29:11,416
NASA MISSIONS THAT FOLLOWED

1074
00:29:11,416 --> 00:29:12,117
AND HELPED CONVINCE

1075
00:29:12,117 --> 00:29:13,518
THE ASTRONOMICAL COMMUNITY

1076
00:29:13,518 --> 00:29:16,054
TO SUPPORT ASTRONOMY FROM SPACE.

1077
00:29:16,054 --> 00:29:17,655
AFTER RETIRING FROM NASA,

1078
00:29:17,655 --> 00:29:19,057
DR. ROMAN STAYED INVOLVED

1079
00:29:19,057 --> 00:29:20,525
IN THE SPACE COMMUNITY

1080
00:29:20,525 --> 00:29:21,860
AND RECEIVED NUMEROUS AWARDS

1081
00:29:21,860 --> 00:29:24,462
FOR HER PIONEERING WORK.

1082
00:29:24,462 --> 00:29:25,463
OVER HER CAREER,

1083
00:29:25,463 --> 00:29:26,898
SHE INSPIRED GENERATIONS

1084
00:29:26,898 --> 00:29:29,267
OF YOUNG ASTRONOMERS.

1085
00:29:29,267 --> 00:29:31,169
NOW WITH THE NANCY GRACE ROMAN

1086
00:29:31,169 --> 00:29:32,637
SPACE TELESCOPE,

1087
00:29:32,637 --> 00:29:34,305
HER LEGACY CAN CONTINUE